How to run a python script which is on the host machine using docker file

See docker build --help:

Usage:  docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -\
Options:
  -f, --file string             Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')

• The PATH here is build context which usually you will specify as ., means current dictory.
• Usually you won't specify -f, means it will use Dockerfile in $PATH(Usually . as current folder)

When docker build, docker will compress all items in build context, then pass it to build daemon, all files outside of build context can't be accessed by Dockerfile.

So, for your scenario, you have to change build context to the folder which has py script in it, or the parent folder. Then, specify Dockerfile explicitly.

A minimal example as next for your reference.

Folder structure:

cake@cake:~/20210904$ tree
.
├── docker
│   └── Dockerfile
└── run.py

1 directory, 2 files

run.py:

print("hello")

docker/Dockerfile:

FROM python:3
COPY run.py /
RUN python run.py

Execution:

cake@cake:~/20210904/docker$ docker build -t abc:1 -f Dockerfile ..
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.584kB
Step 1/3 : FROM python:3
 ---> da24d18bf4bf
Step 2/3 : COPY run.py /
 ---> 6a4c4a76a7fb
Step 3/3 : RUN python run.py
 ---> Running in 4b736175e410
hello
Removing intermediate container 4b736175e410
 ---> 951dd3de7299
Successfully built 951dd3de7299
Successfully tagged abc:1

Expalination:

• Above change build context PATH to .. to have ability to access run.py
• Now, the Dockerfile no longer the default PATH/Dockerfile, so we should change it to Dockerfile which means it in current folder.
• COPY run.py / implict means copy the file from PATH/run.py.