Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly python

Question

I made a program to open web pages using python 3.5 by using socket library. first, i prompt user to enter URL and then I split() that URL to extract host name for connect() method. But I am getting the following error which points towards my get request command:

cmd ='GET ' + user_url + ' HTTP/1.0\n\n'.encode() TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly

Following is my code:

import socket

user_url = input("Enter url: ")
host_name = user_url.split("/")[2]
mysock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
mysock.connect((host_name, 80))
cmd ='GET ' + user_url + ' HTTP/1.0\n\n'.encode()
mysock.send(cmd)

while True:
   data = mysock.recv(512)
   if (len(data) < 1):
      break
   print (data.decode(),end='')

mysock.close()

haha: cmd =('GET ' + user_url + ' HTTP/1.0\n\n').encode()

Jean-François Fabre
– Jean-François Fabre ♦

2018-07-18 15:55:21 +00:00
Commented Jul 18, 2018 at 15:55 — Jean-François Fabre
– Jean-François Fabre ♦, Commented Jul 18, 2018 at 15:55
(cmd ='GET ' + user_url + ' HTTP/1.0\n\n').encode()?

scharette
– scharette

2018-07-18 15:55:32 +00:00
Commented Jul 18, 2018 at 15:55 — scharette
– scharette, Commented Jul 18, 2018 at 15:55

Jean-François Fabre · Accepted Answer · 2018-07-18 15:56:22Z

2

cmd ='GET ' + user_url + ' HTTP/1.0\n\n'.encode()
       ^         ^                ^
      str       str          bytes

this line encodes just the last part, and mixing string type with bytes type isn't possible, which explains the error.

You want to encode the whole string for instance like this:

cmd = ('GET ' + user_url + ' HTTP/1.0\n\n').encode()

Better yet, use format to avoid confusion and string addition:

cmd ='GET {} HTTP/1.0\n\n'.format(user_url).encode()

answered Jul 18, 2018 at 15:56

Jean-François Fabre♦

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