A script to update linked sheet from google doc

You can find the Table elements in your Document via findElement(elementType). If that's the only Table in your Document, as in the sample you shared, this is immediate.

Once you retrieve the Table, you can loop through its rows and cells and come up with a 2D array with the values from the table:

function getTableValues() {
  const doc = DocumentApp.getActiveDocument();
  const body = doc.getBody();
  const table = body.findElement(DocumentApp.ElementType.TABLE).getElement();
  let tableValues = [[]];
  for (let i = 0; i < table.getNumRows(); i++) {
    const tableRow = table.getRow(i);
    for (let j = 0; j < tableRow.getNumCells(); j++) {
      const tableCell = tableRow.getCell(j);
      const text = tableCell.getText();
      tableValues[i].push(text);
    }
    if (i == table.getNumRows() - 1) break; 
    tableValues.push([]);
  }
  return tableValues;
}

Once you've done that, you just need to copy it to your spreadsheet via setValues(values):

function copyToSheet(tableValues, spreadsheetId) {
  const sheet = SpreadsheetApp.openById(spreadsheetId).getSheetByName("Sheet1");
  sheet.getRange(1, 1, tableValues.length, tableValues[0].length).setValues(tableValues);  
}

Calling both of these in the same function, you would get this:

function main() {
  const tableValues = getTableValues();
  const spreadsheetId = "{your-spreadsheet-id}";
  copyToSheet(tableValues, spreadsheetId);
}

Note:

• getActiveDocument() is used to retrieve the Document, so this assumes the script is bound to your Document. If that's not the case, use openById(id) or openByUrl(url) instead.