1

For example imagine I have myfile.py.
Sample code:

a = 6
b = 4
print(a+b)

So how can I convert this into bytecode?

I tried this:

source_code = '''a = 6
b = 4
print(a+b)'''
compiled_code = compile(source_code, '<string>', 'exec')
print(compiled_code.co_code)

Result:

b'\x97\x00d\x00Z\x00d\x01Z\x01\x02\x00e\x02e\x00e\x01z\x00\x00\x00\xa6\x01\x00\x00\xab\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00d\x02S\x00'

It does give me a bytecode, but when I run it using exec(), it results in this error.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\Users\Dimuth De Zoysa\Desktop\Python_projects\OBftestcode.py", line 2, in <module>
    exec(compiled_code.co_code)
ValueError: source code string cannot contain null bytes
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4
  • 2
    How doesexec(bytecode) not give you a NameError? You never defined bytecode... Commented Aug 24, 2023 at 11:25
  • 2
    exec(compiled_code) works just fine Commented Aug 24, 2023 at 11:27
  • If you need to work with the actual bytecode, there's e.g. decompyle3. Commented Aug 24, 2023 at 12:05
  • Only to mention it you can use jythonc to compile python files into bytecode Commented Aug 25, 2023 at 6:01

4 Answers 4

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0

Don't execute your result bytecode. Execute compiled code as an object returned by compile function like this:

source_code = '''a = 6
b = 4
print(a+b)
''' # good style for using such functions as compile and others is to
#     write new line character at the end of the code
compiled_code = compile(source_code, '<string>', 'exec')
exec(compiled_code)

Do not execute exec(compiled_code.co_code), as it contains byte code translated to viewable form, and doing this gives your error.

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1 Comment

Ok. But I just want to hide the source code , so nobody can see it
0

See https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#exec and https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#compile

exec(compiled_code) will work just fine.

Were you trying to exec the string representation instead of the actual code_object by mistake?

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3 Comments

So how can I just exec bytecode without showing the source code.
Not really sure why you would want to do this. But, seems you want to create a code_object that you can "exec" from raw byte codes rather than source code. You might want to look at stackoverflow.com/questions/16064409/…. Not for the feint-hearted.
They don't want to run compiled_code, they want to run the actual bytecode (compiled_code.co_code).
0

You can compile the code with the py_compile module.

from py_compile import compile
compile("my_script.py", "my_script.pyc")

Then you can run the bytecode file with python.

> python my_script.pyc
10
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Comments

-3

Try below code:

import codecs

source_code = '''a = 6
b = 4
print(a+b)'''

compiled_code = compile(source_code, '<string>', 'exec')

# Convert bytecode to hexadecimal representation
bytecode_hex = codecs.encode(compiled_code.co_code, 'hex')
print(bytecode_hex)

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1 Comment

How does this solve the problem? Actually the exec(compiled_code) already works fine.

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