Value returned after numericUpDown1 value exceeds the maximum range (C# Windows Form)

One way to do this is to handle the KeyDown event. The approach I would personally use is to inherit NumericUpDown and replace instances of it in the MainForm.Designer.cs file with my custom class. Now, if you set the value of Maximum to 10 in the designer it will behave the way you describe.

class NumericUpDownEx : NumericUpDown
{
    // Disable range checking in the base class.
    public NumericUpDownEx()
    {
        base.Maximum = decimal.MaxValue;
        base.Minimum = decimal.MinValue;
    }
    public new decimal Maximum { get; set; } = 100; // Keep default value the same
    public new decimal Minimum { get; set; } = 0;   // Keep default value the same

    protected override void OnKeyDown(KeyEventArgs e)
    {
        base.OnKeyDown(e);
        switch (e.KeyData)
        {
            case Keys.Enter:
                e.Handled = e.SuppressKeyPress = true;
                BeginInvoke((MethodInvoker)delegate
                {
                    // In this case, Designer has set Min = 1, Max = 10
                    if (Value < Minimum || Value > Maximum)
                    {
                        var message = $"Error: '{Value}' is not legal.";
                        Value = 1;
                        MessageBox.Show(message);
                        Focus();
                    }
                    var length = Value.ToString().Length;
                    if (length > 0)
                    {
                        Select(0, length);
                    }
                });
                break;
        }
    }
    .
    .
    .
}

You'll also want to do the same kind of action when the control loses focus.

    .
    .
    .
    /// <summary>
    ///  The Validating event doesn't always fire when we want it to,
    ///  especially if this is the only control. Do this instead;
    /// </summary>
    protected override void OnLostFocus(EventArgs e)
    {
        base.OnLostFocus(e); 
        OnKeyDown(new KeyEventArgs(Keys.Enter));
    }