You cannot apply gradient in this way as you are using border and your element has a height of 0 so background won't be visible.
Instead you can try to use multiple gradient to create the shape:
.trapezoid {
height: 100px;
width: 200px;
background:
linear-gradient(to bottom left,white 50%,transparent 52%) 100% 0/40px 100% no-repeat,
linear-gradient(to bottom right,white 50%,transparent 52%) 0 0/40px 100% no-repeat,
linear-gradient(red, yellow);
}
<div class='trapezoid'></div>
Or use clip-path:
.trapezoid {
height: 100px;
width: 200px;
background: linear-gradient(red, yellow);
-webkit-clip-path: polygon(20% 0%, 80% 0%, 100% 100%, 0% 100%);
clip-path: polygon(20% 0%, 80% 0%, 100% 100%, 0% 100%);
}
<div class='trapezoid'></div>
Another method with skew and pseudo-element:
.trapezoid {
height: 100px;
width: 200px;
position: relative;
}
.trapezoid:before,
.trapezoid:after{
content: "";
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
width: 60%;
background: linear-gradient(red, yellow);
transform:skew(20deg);
transform-origin:bottom right;
}
.trapezoid:after {
left: 0;
transform:skew(-20deg);
transform-origin:bottom left;
}
<div class='trapezoid'></div>