With Geometry Nodes, you can get World Position of the Vertices. Also, naturally, do all kind of vector math for those. Here I calculated a vector that is collinear to the edge, with length of 1. Data can be read from the Spreadsheet. (It could be written as a mesh in the 3D view too, but that is probably not what you need)


With this same method we can get the Face normal too:
( A small hindrance in this method is that sadly you can't copy values from the Spreadsheet. I would recommend getting Windows Powertoys app, that has an utility for copying text from anywhere in screen to clipboard)
If you need Local coordinates, you can set transformation in Object Info to Original

For selection from which elements we want to have info, we use an Attribute, which type is Boolean and domain same as the element we want the information.
Attributes can be created from Object properties:

And set from here :
You need to have the attribute and the element you want to set selected.
As final words I'd like to add that I don't know if this is the most straight forward way to do this. Maybe there are simpler methods. I assume that with some scripting you could get those values to a text file, for example.